The within-sample relative expression orderings REOs of genes, which are stable qualitative transcriptional characteristics, can provide abundant information for a disease. Methods based on REO comparisons have been proposed for identifying differentially expressed genes DEGs at the individual level and for detecting disease-associated genes based on one-phenotype disease data by reusing data of normal samples from other sources. Here, we evaluated the effects of common potential confounding factors, including age, cigarette smoking, sex, and race, on the REOs of gene pairs within normal lung tissues transcriptome.
BioMed Research International
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E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U. Emerging evidence suggests that adolescents using e-cigarettes are at elevated risk for initiating cigarette smoking. However, whether this risk may differ by sex remains unknown. Generalized estimation equations GEE were performed to estimate the associations between baseline e-cigarette use and subsequent cigarette smoking, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, mental health conditions, and other tobacco use. Effect modifications by sex were examined. Additionally, using other tobacco products, older age, and having severe externalizing mental health problems at baseline were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of cigarette smoking at follow-up. The prospective association between e-cigarette use and cigarette smoking differs by sex among U. Sex-specific tobacco control interventions may be warranted to curb the youth tobacco use epidemic. Keywords: adolescents; cigarettes; electronic cigarettes; sex difference; youth tobacco prevention. Abstract E-cigarettes are the most-used tobacco products among U.
Ragonk If you don't get it, never mind. When I was a teen, my first boyfriend was a convert and people would comment on that instead of how nice he was to me. So there's THAT to look forward to.
